2 Samuel 1:14

1:14 David replied to him, “How is it that you were not afraid to reach out your hand to destroy the Lord’s anointed?”

2 Samuel 1:22

1:22 From the blood of the slain, from the fat of warriors,

the bow of Jonathan was not turned away.

The sword of Saul never returned ¹  empty.

2 Samuel 2:7

2:7 Now be courageous ²  and prove to be valiant warriors, for your lord Saul is dead. The people of Judah have anointed me as king over them.”

2 Samuel 3:8-9

3:8 These words of Ish-bosheth really angered Abner and he said, “Am I the head of a dog that belongs to Judah? This very day I am demonstrating ³  loyalty to the house of Saul your father and to his relatives ⁴  and his friends! I have not betrayed you into the hand of David. Yet you have accused me of sinning with this woman today! ⁵  3:9 God will severely judge Abner ⁶  if I do not do for David exactly what the Lord has promised him, ⁷ 

2 Samuel 3:12

3:12 Then Abner sent messengers ⁸  to David saying, “To whom does the land belong? Make an agreement ⁹  with me, and I will do whatever I can ¹⁰  to cause all Israel to turn to you.”

2 Samuel 3:18

3:18 Act now! For the Lord has said to David, ‘By the hand of my servant David I will save ¹¹  my people Israel from ¹²  the Philistines and from all their enemies.’”

2 Samuel 3:34

3:34 Your hands ¹³  were not bound,

and your feet were not put into irons.

You fell the way one falls before criminals.”

All the people ¹⁴  wept over him again.

2 Samuel 4:1

Ish-bosheth is killed

4:1 When Ish-bosheth ¹⁵  the son of Saul heard that Abner had died in Hebron, he was very disheartened, ¹⁶  and all Israel was afraid.

2 Samuel 4:11-12

4:11 Surely when wicked men have killed an innocent man as he slept ¹⁷  in his own house, should I not now require his blood from your hands and remove ¹⁸  you from the earth?”

4:12 So David issued orders to the soldiers and they put them to death. Then they cut off their hands and feet and hung them ¹⁹  near the pool in Hebron. But they took the head of Ish-bosheth ²⁰  and buried it in the tomb of Abner ²¹  in Hebron. ²² 

2 Samuel 5:19

5:19 So David asked the Lord, “Should I march up against the Philistines? Will you hand them over to me?” The Lord said to David, “March up, for I will indeed ²³  hand the Philistines over to you.”

2 Samuel 6:5-6

6:5 while David and all Israel ²⁴  were energetically celebrating before the Lord, singing ²⁵  and playing various stringed instruments, ²⁶  tambourines, rattles, ²⁷  and cymbals.

6:6 When they arrived at the threshing floor of Nacon, ²⁸  Uzzah reached out and grabbed hold of ²⁹  the ark of God, ³⁰  because the oxen stumbled.

2 Samuel 8:1

David Subjugates Nearby Nations

8:1 Later David defeated the Philistines and subdued them. David took Metheg Ammah ³¹  from the Philistines. ³² 

2 Samuel 8:10

8:10 he ³³  sent his son Joram ³⁴  to King David to extend his best wishes ³⁵  and to pronounce a blessing on him for his victory over Hadadezer, for Toi had been at war with Hadadezer. ³⁶  He brought with him various items made of silver, gold, and bronze. ³⁷ 

2 Samuel 10:10

10:10 He put his brother Abishai in charge of the rest of the army ³⁸  and they were deployed ³⁹  against the Ammonites.

2 Samuel 11:14

11:14 In the morning David wrote a letter to Joab and sent it with Uriah.

2 Samuel 12:7

12:7 Nathan said to David, “You are that man! This is what the Lord God of Israel says: ‘I chose ⁴⁰  you to be king over Israel and I rescued you from the hand of Saul.

2 Samuel 12:25

12:25 and sent word through Nathan the prophet that he should be named Jedidiah ⁴¹  for the Lord’s sake.

2 Samuel 13:5-6

13:5 Jonadab replied to him, “Lie down on your bed and pretend to be sick. ⁴²  When your father comes in to see you, say to him, ‘Please let my sister Tamar come in so she can fix some food for me. Let her prepare the food in my sight so I can watch. Then I will eat from her hand.’”

13:6 So Amnon lay down and pretended to be sick. When the king came in to see him, Amnon said to the king, “Please let my sister Tamar come in so she can make a couple of cakes in my sight. Then I will eat from her hand.”

2 Samuel 13:10

13:10 Then Amnon said to Tamar, “Bring the cakes into the bedroom; then I will eat from your hand.” So Tamar took the cakes that she had prepared and brought them to her brother Amnon in the bedroom.

2 Samuel 13:19

13:19 Then Tamar put ashes on her head and tore the long robe she was wearing. She put her hands on her head and went on her way, wailing as she went.

2 Samuel 14:16

14:16 Yes! ⁴³  The king may ⁴⁴  listen and deliver his female servant ⁴⁵  from the hand of the man who seeks to remove ⁴⁶  both me and my son from the inheritance God has given us!’ ⁴⁷ 

2 Samuel 14:19

14:19 The king said, “Did Joab put you up to all of this?” ⁴⁸  The woman answered, “As surely as you live, my lord the king, there is no deviation to the right or to the left from all that my lord the king has said. For your servant Joab gave me instructions. He has put all these words in your servant’s mouth.

2 Samuel 15:5

15:5 When someone approached to bow before him, Absalom ⁴⁹  would extend his hand and embrace him and kiss him.

2 Samuel 15:36

15:36 Furthermore, their two sons are there with them, Zadok’s son Ahimaaz and Abiathar’s son Jonathan. You must send them to me with any information you hear.” ⁵⁰ 

2 Samuel 16:8

16:8 The Lord has punished you for ⁵¹  all the spilled blood of the house of Saul, in whose place you rule. Now the Lord has given the kingdom into the hand of your son Absalom. Disaster has overtaken you, for you are a man of bloodshed!”

2 Samuel 16:21

16:21 Ahithophel replied to Absalom, “Have sex with ⁵²  your father’s concubines whom he left to care for the palace. All Israel will hear that you have made yourself repulsive to your father. Then your followers will be motivated to support you.” ⁵³ 

2 Samuel 17:2

17:2 When I catch up with ⁵⁴  him he will be exhausted and worn out. ⁵⁵  I will rout him, and the entire army that is with him will flee. I will kill only the king

2 Samuel 18:12

18:12 The man replied to Joab, “Even if ⁵⁶  I were receiving ⁵⁷  a thousand pieces of silver, ⁵⁸  I would not strike ⁵⁹  the king’s son! In our very presence ⁶⁰  the king gave this order to you and Abishai and Ittai, ‘Protect the young man Absalom for my sake.’ ⁶¹ 

2 Samuel 18:14

18:14 Joab replied, “I will not wait around like this for you!” He took three spears in his hand and thrust them into the middle of Absalom while he was still alive in the middle of the oak tree. ⁶² 

2 Samuel 18:19

David Learns of Absalom’s Death

18:19 Then Ahimaaz the son of Zadok said, “Let me run and give the king the good news that the Lord has vindicated him before his enemies.” ⁶³ 

2 Samuel 18:28

18:28 Then Ahimaaz called out and said to the king, “Greetings!” ⁶⁴  He bowed down before the king with his face toward the ground and said, “May the Lord your God be praised because he has defeated ⁶⁵  the men who opposed ⁶⁶  my lord the king!”

2 Samuel 18:31

18:31 Then the Cushite arrived and said, ⁶⁷  “May my lord the king now receive the good news! The Lord has vindicated you today and delivered you from the hand of all who have rebelled against you!” ⁶⁸ 

2 Samuel 19:4

19:4 The king covered his face and cried out loudly, ⁶⁹  “My son, Absalom! Absalom, my son, my son!”

2 Samuel 19:9

19:9 All the people throughout all the tribes of Israel were arguing among themselves saying, “The king delivered us from the hand of our enemies. He rescued us from the hand of the Philistines, but now he has fled from the land because of Absalom.

2 Samuel 20:8-10

20:8 When they were near the big rock that is in Gibeon, Amasa came to them. Now Joab was dressed in military attire and had a dagger in its sheath belted to his waist. When he advanced, it fell out. ⁷⁰ 

20:9 Joab said to Amasa, “How are you, my brother?” With his right hand Joab took hold of Amasa’s beard as if to greet him with a kiss. 20:10 Amasa did not protect himself from the knife in Joab’s other hand, and Joab ⁷¹  stabbed him in the abdomen, causing Amasa’s ⁷²  intestines to spill out on the ground. There was no need to stab him again; the first blow was fatal. ⁷³  Then Joab and his brother Abishai pursued Sheba son of Bicri.

2 Samuel 20:21

20:21 That’s not the way things are. There is a man from the hill country of Ephraim named Sheba son of Bicri. He has rebelled ⁷⁴  against King David. Give me just this one man, and I will leave the city.” The woman said to Joab, “This very minute ⁷⁵  his head will be thrown over the wall to you!”

2 Samuel 21:9

21:9 He turned them over to the Gibeonites, and they executed them on a hill before the Lord. The seven of them ⁷⁶  died ⁷⁷  together; they were put to death during harvest time – during the first days of the beginning ⁷⁸  of the barley harvest.

2 Samuel 21:20

21:20 Yet another battle occurred in Gath. On that occasion there was a large man ⁷⁹  who had six fingers on each hand and six toes on each foot, twenty-four in all! He too was a descendant of Rapha.

2 Samuel 21:22--22:1

21:22 These four were the descendants of Rapha who lived in Gath; they were killed ⁸⁰  by David and his soldiers. ⁸¹ 

David Sings to the Lord

22:1 ⁸² David sang ⁸³  to the Lord the words of this song when ⁸⁴  the Lord rescued him from the power ⁸⁵  of all his enemies, including Saul. ⁸⁶ 

2 Samuel 22:17

22:17 He reached down from above and grabbed me; ⁸⁷ 

he pulled me from the surging water. ⁸⁸ 

2 Samuel 22:21

22:21 The Lord repaid ⁸⁹  me for my godly deeds; ⁹⁰ 

he rewarded ⁹¹  my blameless behavior. ⁹² 

2 Samuel 22:35

22:35 He trains ⁹³  my hands for battle; ⁹⁴ 

my arms can bend even the strongest bow. ⁹⁵ 

2 Samuel 22:49

22:49 He delivers me from my enemies; ⁹⁶ 

you snatch me away ⁹⁷  from those who attack me; ⁹⁸ 

you rescue me from violent men.

2 Samuel 23:6

23:6 But evil people are like thorns –

all of them are tossed away,

for they cannot be held in the hand.

2 Samuel 23:10

23:10 he stood his ground ⁹⁹  and fought the Philistines until his hand grew so tired that it ¹⁰⁰  seemed stuck to his sword. The Lord gave a great victory on that day. When the army returned to him, the only thing left to do was to plunder the corpses.

2 Samuel 23:21

23:21 He also killed an impressive-looking Egyptian. ¹⁰¹  The Egyptian wielded a spear, while Benaiah attacked ¹⁰²  him with a club. He grabbed the spear out of the Egyptian’s hand and killed him with his own spear.

2 Samuel 24:14

24:14 David said to Gad, “I am very upset! I prefer that we be attacked by the Lord, for his mercy is great; I do not want to be attacked by men!” ¹⁰³ 

2 Samuel 24:16-17

24:16 When the angel ¹⁰⁴  extended his hand to destroy Jerusalem, the Lord relented from his judgment. ¹⁰⁵  He told the angel who was killing the people, “That’s enough! Stop now!” ¹⁰⁶  (Now the Lord’s angel was near the threshing floor of Araunah the Jebusite.)

24:17 When he saw the angel who was destroying the people, David said to the Lord, “Look, it is I who have sinned and done this evil thing! As for these sheep – what have they done? Attack me and my family.” ¹⁰⁷ 

[1:22]  ¹ tn The Hebrew imperfect verbal form is used here to indicate repeated past action.

[2:7]  ² tn Heb “let your hands be strong.”

[3:8]  ³ tn Heb “I do.”

[3:8]  ⁴ tn Heb “brothers.”

[3:8]  ⁵ tn Heb “and you have laid upon me the guilt of the woman today.”

[3:9]  ⁶ tn Heb “So will God do to Abner and so he will add to him.”

[3:9]  ⁷ tc Heb “has sworn to David.” The LXX, with the exception of the recension of Origen, adds “in this day.”

[3:12]  ⁸ tn The Hebrew text adds here, “on his behalf.”

[3:12]  ⁹ tn Heb “cut a covenant.” So also in vv. 13, 21.

[3:12]  ¹⁰ tn Heb “and behold, my hand is with you.”

[3:18]  ¹¹ tc The present translation follows the LXX, the Syriac Peshitta, and Vulgate in reading “I will save,” rather than the MT “he saved.” The context calls for the 1st person common singular imperfect of the verb rather than the 3rd person masculine singular perfect.

[3:18]  ¹² tn Heb “from the hand of.”

[3:34]  ¹³ tc The translation follows many medieval Hebrew manuscripts and several ancient versions in reading “your hands,” rather than “your hand.”

[3:34]  ¹⁴ tc 4QSam^a lacks the words “all the people.”

[4:1]  ¹⁵ tn The MT does not specify the subject of the verb here, but the reference is to Ish-bosheth, so the name has been supplied in the translation for clarity. 4QSam^a and the LXX mistakenly read “Mephibosheth.”

[4:1]  ¹⁶ tn Heb “his hands went slack.”

[4:11]  ¹⁷ tn Heb “on his bed.”

[4:11]  ¹⁸ tn See HALOT 146 s.v. II בער. Some derive the verb from a homonym meaning “to burn; to consume.”

[4:12]  ¹⁹ tn The antecedent of the pronoun “them” (which is not present in the Hebrew text, but implied) is not entirely clear. Presumably it is the corpses that were hung and not merely the detached hands and feet; cf. NIV “hung the (their NRSV, NLT) bodies”; the alternative is represented by TEV “cut off their hands and feet, which they hung up.”

[4:12]  ²⁰ tc 4QSam^a mistakenly reads “Mephibosheth” here.

[4:12]  ²¹ tc The LXX adds “the son of Ner” by conformity with common phraseology elsewhere.

[4:12]  ²² tc Some mss of the LXX lack the phrase “in Hebron.”

[5:19]  ²³ tn The infinitive absolute lends emphasis to the following verb.

[6:5]  ²⁴ tn Heb “all the house of Israel.”

[6:5]  ²⁵ tc Heb “were celebrating before the Lord with all woods of fir” (cf. KJV, ASV, NASB). If the text is retained, the last expression must be elliptical, referring to musical instruments made from fir wood. But it is preferable to emend the text in light of 1 Chr 13:8, which reads “were celebrating before the Lord with all strength and with songs.”

[6:5]  ²⁶ tn Heb “with zithers [?] and with harps.”

[6:5]  ²⁷ tn That is, “sistrums” (so NAB, NIV); ASV, NASB, NRSV, CEV, NLT “castanets.”

[6:6]  ²⁸ tn 1 Chr 13:9 has “Kidon.”

[6:6]  ²⁹ tn Or “steadied.”

[6:6]  ³⁰ tn Heb “and Uzzah reached out toward the ark of God and grabbed it.”

[8:1]  ³¹ tn Heb “the bridle of one cubit.” Many English versions treat this as a place name because the parallel text in 1 Chr 18:1 reads “Gath” (which is used by NLT here). It is possible that “the bridle of one cubit” is to be understood as “the token of surrender,” referring to the Philistine’s defeat rather than a specific place (cf. TEV, CEV).

[8:1]  ³² tn Heb “from the hand [i.e., control] of the Philistines.”

[8:10]  ³³ tn Heb “Toi.” The proper name has been replaced by the pronoun in the translation for stylistic reasons.

[8:10]  ³⁴ tn The name appears as “Hadoram” in the parallel text in 1 Chr 18:10.

[8:10]  ³⁵ tn Heb “to ask concerning him for peace.”

[8:10]  ³⁶ tn Heb “and to bless him because he fought with Hadadezer and defeated him, for Hadadezer was a man of battles with Toi.”

[8:10]  ³⁷ tn Heb “and in his hand were items of silver and items of gold and items of bronze.”

[10:10]  ³⁸ tn Heb “people.”

[10:10]  ³⁹ tn Heb “he arranged.”

[12:7]  ⁴⁰ tn Heb “anointed.”

[12:25]  ⁴¹ sn The name Jedidiah means “loved by the Lord.”

[13:5]  ⁴² tn This verb is used in the Hitpael stem only in this chapter of the Hebrew Bible. With the exception of v. 2 it describes not a real sickness but one pretended in order to entrap Tamar. The Hitpael sometimes, as here, describes the subject making oneself appear to be of a certain character. On this use of the stem, see GKC 149-50 §54.e.

[14:16]  ⁴³ tn Or “for.”

[14:16]  ⁴⁴ tn Or “will.” The imperfect verbal form can have either an indicative or modal nuance. The use of “perhaps” in v. 15b suggests the latter here.

[14:16]  ⁴⁵ tn Heb “in order to deliver his maid.”

[14:16]  ⁴⁶ tn Heb “destroy.”

[14:16]  ⁴⁷ tn Heb “from the inheritance of God.” The expression refers to the property that was granted to her family line in the division of the land authorized by God.

[14:19]  ⁴⁸ tn Heb “Is the hand of Joab with you in all this?”

[15:5]  ⁴⁹ tn Heb “he”; the referent (Absalom) has been specified in the translation for clarity.

[15:36]  ⁵⁰ tn Heb “and you must send by their hand to me every word which you hear.” Both of the second person verb forms are plural with Zadok, Abiathar, and Hushai being the understood subjects.

[16:8]  ⁵¹ tn Heb “has brought back upon you.”

[16:21]  ⁵² tn Heb “go to”; NAB “have (+ sexual NCV) relations with”; TEV “have intercourse with”; NLT “Go and sleep with.”

[16:21]  ⁵³ tn Heb “and the hands of all who are with you will be strengthened.”

[17:2]  ⁵⁴ tn Heb “and I will come upon him.”

[17:2]  ⁵⁵ tn Heb “exhausted and slack of hands.”

[18:12]  ⁵⁶ tc The translation follows the Qere and many medieval Hebrew mss in reading וְלוּ (vÿlu, “and if”) rather than MT וְלֹא (vÿlo’, “and not”).

[18:12]  ⁵⁷ tn Heb “weighing out in my hand.”

[18:12]  ⁵⁸ tn Heb “a thousand [shekels] of silver.” This would have been about 25 pounds (11.4 kg) of silver by weight.

[18:12]  ⁵⁹ tn Heb “extend my hand against.”

[18:12]  ⁶⁰ tn Heb “in our ears.”

[18:12]  ⁶¹ tc The Hebrew text is very difficult here. The MT reads מִי (mi, “who”), apparently yielding the following sense: “Show care, whoever you might be, for the youth Absalom.” The Syriac Peshitta reads li (“for me”), the Hebrew counterpart of which may also lie behind the LXX rendering μοι (moi, “for me”). This reading seems preferable here, since it restores sense to the passage and most easily explains the rise of the variant.

[18:14]  ⁶² tn There is a play on the word “heart” here that is difficult to reproduce in English. Literally the Hebrew text says “he took three spears in his hand and thrust them into the heart of Absalom while he was still alive in the heart of the oak tree.” This figure of speech involves the use of the same word in different senses and is known as antanaclasis. It is illustrated in the familiar saying from the time of the American Revolution: “If we don’t hang together, we will all hang separately.” The present translation understands “heart” to be used somewhat figuratively for “chest” (cf. TEV, CEV), which explains why Joab’s armor bearers could still “kill” Absalom after he had been stabbed with three spears through the “heart.” Since trees do not have “chests” either, the translation uses “middle.”

[18:19]  ⁶³ tn Heb “that the Lord has vindicated him from the hand of his enemies.”

[18:28]  ⁶⁴ tn Heb “Peace.”

[18:28]  ⁶⁵ tn Heb “delivered over.”

[18:28]  ⁶⁶ tn Heb “lifted their hand against.”

[18:31]  ⁶⁷ tn Heb “And look, the Cushite came and the Cushite said.”

[18:31]  ⁶⁸ tn Heb “for the Lord has vindicated you today from the hand of all those rising against you.”

[19:4]  ⁶⁹ tn Heb “with a great voice.”

[20:8]  ⁷⁰ sn The significance of the statement it fell out here is unclear. If the dagger fell out of its sheath before Joab got to Amasa, how then did he kill him? Josephus, Ant. 7.11.7 (7.284), suggested that as Joab approached Amasa he deliberately caused the dagger to fall to the ground at an opportune moment as though by accident. When he bent over and picked it up, he then stabbed Amasa with it. Others have tried to make a case for thinking that two swords are referred to – the one that fell out and another that Joab kept concealed until the last moment. But nothing in the text clearly supports this view. Perhaps Josephus’ understanding is best, but it is by no means obvious in the text either.

[20:10]  ⁷¹ tn Heb “he”; the referent (Joab) has been specified in the translation for clarity.

[20:10]  ⁷² tn Heb “his”; the referent (Amasa) has been specified in the translation for clarity.

[20:10]  ⁷³ tn Heb “and he did not repeat concerning him, and he died.”

[20:21]  ⁷⁴ tn Heb “lifted his hand.”

[20:21]  ⁷⁵ tn Heb “Look!”

[21:9]  ⁷⁶ tc The translation follows the Qere and several medieval Hebrew mss in reading שְׁבַעְתָּם (shÿva’tam, “the seven of them”) rather than MT שִׁבַעְתִּים (shiva’tim, “seventy”).

[21:9]  ⁷⁷ tn Heb “fell.”

[21:9]  ⁷⁸ tc The translation follows the Qere and many medieval Hebrew mss in reading בִּתְחִלַּת (bithkhillat, “in the beginning”) rather than MT תְחִלַּת (tÿkhillat, “beginning of”).

[21:20]  ⁷⁹ tn Heb “a man of stature.”

[21:22]  ⁸⁰ tn Heb “they fell.”

[21:22]  ⁸¹ tn Heb “his servants.”

[22:1]  ⁸² sn In this long song of thanks, David affirms that God is his faithful protector. He recalls in highly poetic fashion how God intervened in awesome power and delivered him from death. His experience demonstrates that God vindicates those who are blameless and remain loyal to him. True to his promises, God gives the king victory on the battlefield and enables him to subdue nations. A parallel version of the song appears in Ps 18.

[22:1]  ⁸³ tn Heb “spoke.”

[22:1]  ⁸⁴ tn Heb “in the day,” or “at the time.”

[22:1]  ⁸⁵ tn Heb “hand.”

[22:1]  ⁸⁶ tn Heb “and from the hand of Saul.”

[22:17]  ⁸⁷ tn Heb “stretched.” Perhaps “his hand” should be supplied by ellipsis (see Ps 144:7). In this poetic narrative context the three prefixed verbal forms in this verse are best understood as preterites indicating past tense, not imperfects.

[22:17]  ⁸⁸ tn Heb “mighty waters.” The waters of the sea symbolize the psalmist’s powerful enemies, as well as the realm of death they represent (see v. 5 and Ps 144:7).

[22:21]  ⁸⁹ tn In this poetic narrative context the prefixed verbal form is best understood as a preterite indicating past tense, not imperfect.

[22:21]  ⁹⁰ tn Heb “according to my righteousness.” As vv. 22-25 make clear, David refers here to his unwavering obedience to God’s commands. He explains that the Lord was pleased with him and willing to deliver him because he had been loyal to God and obedient to his commandments. Ancient Near Eastern literature contains numerous parallels. A superior (a god or king) would typically reward a subject (a king or the servant of a king, respectively) for loyalty and obedience. See R. B. Chisholm, “An Exegetical and Theological Study of Psalm 18/2 Samuel 22” (Th.D. diss., Dallas Theological Seminary, 1983), 211-13.

[22:21]  ⁹¹ tn The unreduced Hiphil prefixed verbal form appears to be an imperfect, in which case the psalmist would be generalizing. However, both the preceding and following contexts (see especially v. 25) suggest he is narrating his experience. Despite its unreduced form, the verb is better taken as a preterite. For other examples of unreduced Hiphil preterites, see Pss 55:14a; 68:9a, 10b; 80:8a; 89:43a; 107:38b; 116:6b.

[22:21]  ⁹² tn Heb “according to the purity of my hands he repaid to me.” Hands suggest activity and behavior.

[22:35]  ⁹³ tn Heb “teaches.”

[22:35]  ⁹⁴ tn The psalmist attributes his skill with weapons to divine enabling. Egyptian reliefs picture gods teaching the king how to shoot a bow. See O. Keel, Symbolism of the Biblical World, 265.

[22:35]  ⁹⁵ tn Heb “and a bow of bronze is bent by my arms.” The verb נָחֵת (nakhet) apparently means “to pull back; to bend” here (see HALOT 692 s.v. נחת). The bronze bow referred to here was probably laminated with bronze strips, or a purely ceremonial or decorative bow made entirely from bronze. In the latter case the language is hyperbolic, for such a weapon would not be functional in battle.

[22:49]  ⁹⁶ tn Heb “and [the one who] brings me out from my enemies.”

[22:49]  ⁹⁷ tn Heb “you lift me up.” In light of the preceding and following references to deliverance, the verb רוּם (rum) probably here refers to being rescued from danger (see Ps 9:13). However, it could mean “exalt; elevate” here, indicating that the Lord has given him victory over his enemies and forced them to acknowledge the psalmist’s superiority.

[22:49]  ⁹⁸ tn Heb “from those who rise against me.”

[23:10]  ⁹⁹ tn Heb “arose.”

[23:10]  ¹⁰⁰ tn Heb “his hand.”

[23:21]  ¹⁰¹ tc The translation follows the Qere and many medieval Hebrew mss in reading אִישׁ (’ish, “man”) rather than the Kethib of the MT, אֲשֶׁר (’asher, “who”).

[23:21]  ¹⁰² tn Heb “and he went down to.”

[24:14]  ¹⁰³ tn Heb “There is great distress to me. Let us fall into the hand of the Lord, for great is his mercy, but into the hand of man let me not fall.”

[24:16]  ¹⁰⁴ tn Heb “messenger.”

[24:16]  ¹⁰⁵ tn Heb “concerning the calamity.”

[24:16]  ¹⁰⁶ tn Heb “Now, drop your hand.”

[24:17]  ¹⁰⁷ tn Heb “let your hand be against me and against the house of my father.”